What are the requirements to become a citizen?

August 25, 2024

Becoming a citizen of the United States is more than just a legal status—it’s a gateway to a new world of opportunities, rights, and responsibilities. U.S. citizenship grants individuals the ability to live and work permanently in the country, vote in federal elections, obtain a U.S. passport and receive protection from deportation. For many immigrants, securing citizenship is the ultimate milestone that signifies their integration into American society and solidifies their commitment to the nation’s values and principles.

The Process

The journey to U.S. citizenship, known as naturalization, involves several critical steps and requirements. Below, we outline the key components of this process, including eligibility criteria, applications, timelines, fees, and documents needed at each stage.

Eligibility Criteria

To apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization, applicants must meet criteria determined by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. These include:

• Lawful Permanent Residency: The applicant must hold a green card and have been a lawful permanent resident (LPR) for at least five years. In some cases, such as marriage to a U.S. citizen, the residency requirement may be reduced to three years.
• Continuous Residence and Physical Presence: Applicants must have continuously resided in the U.S. for the required period and been physically present in the country for at least half of that time.
• Good Moral Character: Demonstrating good moral character is crucial. This generally means adhering to U.S. laws and not having a criminal record.
• English Language Proficiency: Being able to speak, read, and write in English is a prerequisite. Exceptions may apply to certain age groups or individuals with medical conditions.
• Knowledge of U.S. History and Government: Applicants have to pass a civics test, demonstrating their understanding of U.S. history and government principles.
• Commitment to U.S. Principles: An oath of allegiance to the United States, renouncing any foreign allegiances, is required as part of the naturalization ceremony.

Application Process

The application process for U.S. citizenship involves several steps:

1. Prepare Form N-400: The primary application form for naturalization is Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. This form requires detailed personal information and documentation.
2. Submit the Application: Once completed, the N-400 form, along with the required documents and application fee, must be submitted to USCIS.
3. Biometrics Appointment: After submission, USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment to collect fingerprints, photographs, and signatures for background checks.
4. Interview and Civics Test: An interview with a USCIS officer is conducted to verify the information on the N-400 form. During this interview, applicants will also take the English and civics tests.
5. Receive a Decision: USCIS will notify the applicant of its decision, which can be an approval, denial, or continuation (if additional information is needed).
6. Attend the Oath Ceremony: If approved, the final step is attending an oath ceremony where the applicant takes the Oath of Allegiance.

Timelines

The timeline of the naturalization process can vary depending on circumstances and USCIS processing times. Generally, the process from submitting the N-400 to taking the Oath of Allegiance takes about 8 to 12 months. However, this timeframe can fluctuate depending on factors such as application volume and specific case issues.

Fees

As of the latest updates, the standard filing fee for Form N-400 is $725, which includes a $640 application fee and an $85 biometrics fee. Fee waivers may be available for applicants who can demonstrate financial hardship.

Required Documents

The following documents are typically required at different stages of the naturalization process:

• Form N-400: Completed and signed.
• Green Card: Copy of the front and back.
• Two Passport-Size Photos: Taken within the last 30 days.
• Proof of Marital Status: If applicable, documents such as marriage certificates or divorce decrees.
• Tax Returns: Federal tax returns from the past five years.
• Selective Service Registration: For male applicants aged 18 to 26.
• Travel Records: Details of trips outside the U.S. during the residency period.
• Court and Arrest Records: If applicable, documentation of any interactions with law enforcement.

Summary and Recommendations

Navigating the U.S. citizenship process requires planning, attention to detail, and strict compliance with legal requirements. Here’s a summary of the essential points:

• Eligibility: Ensure you meet all residency, language, and moral character requirements.
• Application: Accurately complete Form N-400 and gather necessary documents.
• Timelines: Be prepared for a process that can take up to a year or more.
• Fees: Budget for the filing and biometrics fees, with consideration for potential fee waivers.
• Preparation: Study for the English and civics tests and gather all required documentation.

Helpful Tips:

• Stay Organized: Keep a checklist of required documents and deadlines.
• Seek Legal Assistance: Enlist the help of an immigration attorney to avoid mistakes and ensure a smooth process.
• Stay Informed: Regularly check USCIS updates for any changes in procedures or requirements.

Contact Us

At Zaveri Law Firm P.C., we are dedicated to guiding you through every step of the naturalization process with personalized support and advice. Contact us today to discuss your path to U.S. citizenship and begin this transformative journey with confidence.